Over just a few trials, the birds learned to only search for the food pellets, and ignore the beads, of the appropriate colour for the given retention interval. If they returned the same day, one colour of pellets was replaced with wooden beads of similar size and colour, while if they returned the next day this would happen to the other colour. The birds were then returned either the same day or the next day to retrieve the pellets. They were allowed to make as many caches as they wanted. Magpies hid red- and blue-dyed pellets of scrambled eggs in a large tray containing wood shavings. In this study, we test whether magpies ( Pica pica) also show evidence of remembering these different aspects of a past episode. Some animals have been shown to be able to remember which type of food they hoarded or encountered in which location and how long ago (what-where-when memory). Zinkivskay, Ann Nazir, Farrah Smulders, Tom V What-where-when memory in magpies ( Pica pica). Although magpies also mastered 5 of 6 invisible displacement tasks, evidence of Piagetian Stage 6 competence was ambiguous.

Contrary to psittacine birds and humans, but as in dogs and cats, no 'A-not-B error' occurred. As predicted, Piagetian Stages 4 and 5 were reached before independence was achieved, and the ability to represent a fully hidden object (Piagetian Stage 4) emerged by the age when magpies begin to retrieve food. The authors tested the hypothesis that food-storing development should be correlated with object-permanence development and that specific stages of object permanence should be achieved before magpies become independent. The development of object permanence was investigated in black-billed magpies ( Pica pica), a food-storing passerine bird. Development of object permanence in food-storing magpies ( Pica pica).

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